Eiders

Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA) 2013.

Figure 1.6. Temperature response (°C) to an increase of CO2 from 280 to 400 p.p.m. calculated as ‘Earth System Sensitivity’ resulting in significantly larger sensitivity than in ‘traditional’ models. From Lunt et al. (2010) and Richardson et al. (2011). Reprinted with permission from Nature Publishing Group.

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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Meltofte, H. (ed.) 2013. Arctic Biodiversity Assessment. Status and trends in Arctic biodiversity. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri.

Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA) 2013.

Figure 1.5. Arctic Ocean sea ice loss in summer has occurred much faster than projections had anticipated (moderated from Stroeve et al. 2012

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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Meltofte, H. (ed.) 2013. Arctic Biodiversity Assessment. Status and trends in Arctic biodiversity. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri.

Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA) 2013.

Figure 1.4. Common eider Somateria mollissima population depletion and recovery in W Greenland from the early 19th century to the present (estimates by F. Merkel in litt. based on data from Müller 1906 (down collection), Merkel 2002, 2004a, Christensen & Falk 2001 and annual growth rates from 2001 to 2007 in NW Greenland from Merkel 2010). The depletion was probably mainly caused by overharvest (hunting and egg collection), while the recovery was the result of tightened legislation and cooperation with local hunters since 2001 (Gilliland et al. 2009, Merkel 2010).

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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Meltofte, H. (ed.) 2013. Arctic Biodiversity Assessment. Status and trends in Arctic biodiversity. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri.

Breeding and wintering range of common eiders in the circumpolar region (not all southern breeding areas included)

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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i.e. Arctic Biodiversity Trends 2010.
Graphics: Hugo Ahlenius

Estimated population size and trends for eiders in the Arctic region.

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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ARCTIC FLORA AND FAUNA: Status and Conservation. Documentation. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna Working Group (CAFF).

(Sources: Asbirk et al. 1997, CAFF Circumpolar Seabird Working Group 1998, Durinck and Falk 1996, Goudie et al. 1994, Mosbech and Boertmann 1999, Pihl 1997, Solovieva 1997, Suydam et al. 2000, Wetlands International 1999.)

Breeding and wintering distribution of spectacled eider Somateria fischeri

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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ARCTIC FLORA AND FAUNA: Status and Conservation. Documentation. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna Working Group (CAFF). (Source: IUCN Polar Bear Specialist Group 1998).

Management of eider populations

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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

Summary of eider objectives and action items.

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

Summary of implementation guidelines.

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

Surveys currently used to monitor eider populations.

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

Utilization of eiders by people.

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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

Common eider distribution.

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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

King eider distribution.

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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

Spectacled eider distribution.

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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

Steller's eider distribution.

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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

Long term population trends of eiders identified by their breeding locations.

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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

Distribution of the eiders.

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997