Seabirds

The Seabird Information Network focuses on the development of a data entry and analysis portal system that will allow for circumpolar seabird colony information to be contributed, mapped, and shared by scientists and monitoring programs around the Arctic. Data will be compiled to generate a circumpolar seabird colony assessment.

Sub Categories

Eiders ( 50 Documents )

Eiders

The common eider, Somateria mollissima, has a circumpolar distribution breeding mainly on small islands in Arctic and boreal marine areas in Alaska (Bering Sea region), Canada, Greenland, Iceland, western Europe, and the Barents Sea region. In Russia, there is a gap in distribution along the mainland coast from the Yugorski Peninsula (Kara Sea) to Chaunskaya Bay in east Siberia (Figure 5.1). Important wintering areas include the Gulf of Alaska/Bering Sea/Aleutian region, southeast Canada, southwest Greenland, Iceland, Western Europe, along the Russian coast of Barents Sea, and in the White Sea. Six or seven subspecies are recognized, of which four occur in North America (Arctic Biodiversity Trends 2010.)

Murres ( 19 Documents )

Murres

The two species of murres (known as guillemots in Europe), the thick-billed murre, Uria lomvia, and common murre, Uria aalge, both have circumpolar distributions, breeding in Arctic, sub-Arctic, and temperate seas from California and northern Spain to northern Greenland, high Arctic Canada, Svalbard, and Novaya Zemlya. The thick-billed murre occurs mostly in Arctic waters, while the common murre, although overlapping extensively with the thick-billed murre, is more characteristic of sub-Arctic and temperate waters. They are among the most abundant seabirds in the Northern Hemisphere with both species exceeding 10 million adults. (Arctic Biodiversity Trends 2010.)

Auklets ( 0 Document )

Fulmar ( 0 Document )

Puffin ( 0 Document )

Oldsquaw ( 0 Document )

Dovekie ( 0 Document )

Gulls ( 8 Documents )

Alcids ( 0 Document )

Terns ( 0 Document )

Cormorants ( 0 Document )

Black guillemot ( 0 Document )

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Number of nesting ivory gulls and area of the nearby polynya they are assumed to feed in during pre-breeding season, Severnaya Zemlya, Kara Sea, Russia, 1993 to 1996 and 2006 to 2011

LifeLinkedtoIce Nesting ivory gulls

The bars show survey results at the world’s largest ivory gull nesting colony on Domashny Island. Numbers of nesting ivory gulls fluctuate from year to year depending on environmental conditions in the pre-breeding season (mid-May). In the northeastern Kara Sea, where wildlife is limited by the harsh ice conditions, polynyas are important for foraging [255]. More gulls are able to build up enough fat resources for egg-laying when there is more open water in a large nearby polynya prior to nesting. If the area of the polynya remains below a threshold of about 10,000 square kilometers (dashed line) by mid-May, dramatically fewer gulls nest at the colony, as occurred in 1996, 2009 and 2011. 

From Gavrilo 2011 [222] 

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) 

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Eamer, J., Donaldson, G.M., Gaston, A.J., Kosobokova, K.N., Lárusson, K.F., Melnikov, I.A., Reist, J.D., Richardson, E., Staples, L., von Quillfeldt, C.H. 2013. Life Linked to Ice: A guide to sea-ice-associated biodiversity in this time of rapid change. CAFF Assessment Series No. 10. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Iceland. ISBN: 978-9935-431-25-7.

Polar cod and capelin in diets of thick-billed murres, comparing a recent study with 30 years ago: low, mid, and high Arctic locations in eastern Canada

LifeLinkedtoIce diets of thick billed murres

 

 

This chart shows the breakdown by species of identified fish in stomach samples of murres. Polar cod continue to dominate the diets of high Arctic murres, but capelin appear to have replaced polar cod in the low Arctic, where ice has retreated to the greatest extent. Capelin have also appeared in the mid Arctic, where the species was absent in 1985 samples but present in a third of the samples from 2007/08.
From Provencher et al. 2012 [209]

 

 

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) 

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Eamer, J., Donaldson, G.M., Gaston, A.J., Kosobokova, K.N., Lárusson, K.F., Melnikov, I.A., Reist, J.D., Richardson, E., Staples, L., von Quillfeldt, C.H. 2013. Life Linked to Ice: A guide to sea-ice-associated biodiversity in this time of rapid change. CAFF Assessment Series No. 10. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Iceland. ISBN: 978-9935-431-25-7.

Thick-billed murre colony size in relation to spring sea ice conditions, West Greenland

LifeLinkedtoIce Thick billed murre colony size

 

 

Based on analyses of data from areas around 46 murre colonies, grouped into regions. Colony sizes are historical maximum estimates of numbers of birds (representing carrying capacity) rather than current population sizes. This approach avoids the confounding factor of overharvest in some areas in recent decades. Sea ice conditions are based on satellite measurements, 1979 to 2004.

1Rate of change of fraction of open water, units X 10-3
2Statistical measure of variability of the rate of change: residual from mean, units X 10-2
Source: Laidre et al. 2008 [242] 

 

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) 

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Eamer, J., Donaldson, G.M., Gaston, A.J., Kosobokova, K.N., Lárusson, K.F., Melnikov, I.A., Reist, J.D., Richardson, E., Staples, L., von Quillfeldt, C.H. 2013. Life Linked to Ice: A guide to sea-ice-associated biodiversity in this time of rapid change. CAFF Assessment Series No. 10. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Iceland. ISBN: 978-9935-431-25-7.

Seabird harvests around the Arctic

ABA 2013 Box 18 05 Table 01 

Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA) 2013.

Box 18.5 Table 1. Seabird harvests around the Arctic (from Merkel 2010a). Pop. = population.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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Meltofte, H. (ed.) 2013. Arctic Biodiversity Assessment. Status and trends in Arctic biodiversity. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri.

Rate of population decline of bird colonies in the municipality of Upernavik

ABA 2013 Box 18 05 Seabirds 

Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA) 2013.

Box 18.5 Figure 1. Rate of population decline of bird colonies in the municipality of Upernavik in relation to distance to the nearest settlement or town. The shorter the distance, the greater the rate of decline (Evans & Kampp 1991).

 

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Meltofte, H. (ed.) 2013. Arctic Biodiversity Assessment. Status and trends in Arctic biodiversity. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri.

Change in the diet of nestling thick-billed murres U.

ABA 2013 04 06 Diet 

Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA) 2013.

Figure 4.6. Change in the diet of nestling thick-billed murres U. lomvia at Coats Island, 1981-2009. The “Benthic” category includes sculpins (Cottidae, Agonidae) and blennies (Sticheidae, Pholidae, Bleniidae, Zoarcidae). “Other” consists principally of invertebrates.

 

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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Meltofte, H. (ed.) 2013. Arctic Biodiversity Assessment. Status and trends in Arctic biodiversity. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri.

Avian biodiversity in different regions of the Arctic

ABA 2013 04 01 AvianBiodiversity 

Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA) 2013.

Figure 4.1. Avian biodiversity in different regions of the Arctic. Charts on the inner circle show species numbers of different bird groups in the high Arctic, on the outer circle in the low Arctic. The size of the charts is scaled to the number of species in each region, which ranges from 32 (Svalbard) to 117 (low Arctic Alaska).

 

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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Meltofte, H. (ed.) 2013. Arctic Biodiversity Assessment. Status and trends in Arctic biodiversity. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri.

Temperature response

ABA 2013 01 06 Temperature 

Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA) 2013.

Figure 1.6. Temperature response (°C) to an increase of CO2 from 280 to 400 p.p.m. calculated as ‘Earth System Sensitivity’ resulting in significantly larger sensitivity than in ‘traditional’ models. From Lunt et al. (2010) and Richardson et al. (2011). Reprinted with permission from Nature Publishing Group.

 

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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Meltofte, H. (ed.) 2013. Arctic Biodiversity Assessment. Status and trends in Arctic biodiversity. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri.

Arctic Ocean sea ice loss in summer has occurred much faster than projections had anticipated.

ABA 2013 01 05 Arctic Ocean sea ice loss in summer 

Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA) 2013.

Figure 1.5. Arctic Ocean sea ice loss in summer has occurred much faster than projections had anticipated (moderated from Stroeve et al. 2012

 

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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Meltofte, H. (ed.) 2013. Arctic Biodiversity Assessment. Status and trends in Arctic biodiversity. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri.

Common eider population depletion and recovery in W Greenland from the early 19th century to the present.

ABA 2013 01 04 Common eider 

Arctic Biodiversity Assessment (ABA) 2013.

Figure 1.4. Common eider Somateria mollissima population depletion and recovery in W Greenland from the early 19th century to the present (estimates by F. Merkel in litt. based on data from Müller 1906 (down collection), Merkel 2002, 2004a, Christensen & Falk 2001 and annual growth rates from 2001 to 2007 in NW Greenland from Merkel 2010). The depletion was probably mainly caused by overharvest (hunting and egg collection), while the recovery was the result of tightened legislation and cooperation with local hunters since 2001 (Gilliland et al. 2009, Merkel 2010).

 

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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Meltofte, H. (ed.) 2013. Arctic Biodiversity Assessment. Status and trends in Arctic biodiversity. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri.

ASTI DataSet: Arctic Species Trend Index is an index that tracks trends in over 300 Arctic vertebrate species. KML Google Earth file

ASTI KML

ASTI DataSet: Arctic Species Trend Index is an index that tracks trends in over 300 Arctic vertebrate species.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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CAFF Created the ASTI DataSet In partnership with the CBMP, WWF, UNEP, WCMC, ZSL.

For further information the report Arctic Species Trend Index 2010: Tracking Trends in Arctic Wildlife used information from this dataset.

 

 

Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file for use with Google Earth.

Annual rates of population change of individual murre colonies during 12 years after the 1977 climatic regime shift in the North Pacific and during 9 years after the 1989 shift,

murrechart

Annual rates of population change of individual murre colonies during 12 years after the 1977 climatic regime shift in the North Pacific and during 9 years after the 1989 shift, in relation to changes in sea surface temperatures around the colonies from one decadal regime to the next. Population data are from 32 U. aalge and 21 U. lomvia colonies, encompassing the entire circumpolar region. Ten sites supported both species, so 43 different study areas were represented.

 

ZIP file includes 2 files:

1. Excel file

2. Image file

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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i.e. Arctic Biodiversity Trends 2010.

Status and trends of seabird harvest in the Arctic (including sea ducks)

Status and trends of seabird harvest in the Arctic

Status and trends of seabird harvest in the Arctic (including sea ducks)

 

ZIP file includes 2 files:

1. Excel file

2. Image file

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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i.e. Arctic Biodiversity Trends 2010.

The distribution of thick-billed and common murre colonies in the North.

murremap

The distribution of thick-billed and common murre colonies in the North.

 

ZIP file includes 3 datasets:

1. Shapefile of Common Murre distribution

2. Shapefile of Thickbilled Murre distribution

3. Image file of Murres distribution

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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i.e. Arctic Biodiversity Trends 2010.

Graphics: Hugo Ahlenius

Changes in murre populations since 1975 by region and ‘decade’

murretrends

Changes in murre populations since 1975 by region and ‘decade’ (as defined by regime shifts in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation). Green indicates positive population trends, yellow indicates stable populations, and red indicates negative population trends.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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i.e. Arctic Biodiversity Trends 2010.

Scientific names for bird species discussed in 2008 Seabird harvest report

Seabird Species list 2008

Scientific names for bird species discussed in 2008 Seabird harvest report (alphabetical order of common English names).

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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i.e. Seabird Harvest in the Arctic.

"Source: Merkel, F. and Barry, T. (eds.) 2008. Seabird harvest in the Arctic.
CAFF International Secretariat, Circumpolar Seabird Group (CBird), CAFF Technical Report No. 16."

Shapefile of the distribution of known breeding colonies of Ivory Gull Pagophila eburnean within the Arctic.

Ivory gull shapefile

Shapefile of the distribution of known breeding colonies of Ivory Gull Pagophila eburnean within the Arctic.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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International Ivory Gull Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (sept 2008)

Number of birds shot of gulls (herring gull, great black-backed gull, common gull, and black-legged kittiwake), great cormorant and European shag in northern Norway (Nordland, Troms and Finnmark counties) in the period 2001-2006.

Seabird Number of birds shot of glaucous gull black guillemot thick-billed murre and northern fulmar in Svalbard 1998 2006

Number of birds shot of gulls (herring gull, great black-backed gull, common gull, and black-legged kittiwake), great cormorant and European shag in northern Norway (Nordland, Troms and Finnmark counties) in the period 2001-2006.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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i.e. Seabird Harvest in the Arctic.

Source: Statistics Norway.

Number of marine birds (herring gull, great black-backed gull, common gull, and black-legged kittiwake, great cormorant and European shag) shot in northern Norway (Nordland, Troms and Finnmark counties) in the period 2001-2006.

Seabird Number of marine birds shot in northern Norway 2001 2006

Number of marine birds (herring gull, great black-backed gull, common gull, and black-legged kittiwake, great cormorant and European shag) shot in northern Norway (Nordland, Troms and Finnmark counties) in the period 2001-2006.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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i.e. Seabird Harvest in the Arctic.

Source: Statistics Norway.

Number of birds shot of glaucous gull, black guillemot, thick-billed murre and northern fulmar in Svalbard in the period 1998-2006.

Seabird Number of birds shot of glaucous gull black guillemot thick-billed murre and northern fulmar in Svalbard 1998 2006

Number of birds shot of glaucous gull, black guillemot, thick-billed murre and northern fulmar in Svalbard in the period 1998-2006.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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i.e. Seabird Harvest in the Arctic.

Source: The Governor of Svalbard.

Number of marine birds (glaucous gull, black guillemot, thick-billed murre and northern fulmar) shot in Svalbard in the period 2001-2006.

Seabird Number of marine birds shot in Svalbard 2001 2006

Number of marine birds (glaucous gull, black guillemot, thick-billed murre and northern fulmar) shot in Svalbard in the period 2001-2006. 

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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i.e. Seabird Harvest in the Arctic.

Source: The Governor of Svalbard.

Seabird Harvest in Norway

Seabird Harvest in Norway

Sheet 1. Hunting regulations for marine birds in Svalbard
Sheet 2. Hunting regulations for marine birds in in north Norway, excluding Svalbard.

 

Note that there are 2 sheets in the excel file.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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i.e. Seabird Harvest in the Arctic.

"Source: Merkel, F. and Barry, T. (eds.) 2008. Seabird harvest in the Arctic.
CAFF International Secretariat, Circumpolar Seabird Group (CBird), CAFF Technical Report No. 16."

Seabird Harvest in Iceland

Seabird Harvest in Iceland

Sheet 1. Seabird species harvested in Iceland and stages at which they are or can be utilized according to legislation. 1 =utilized; 0 = not utilized; (1) = insignificant use
Sheet 2. Numbers of birds hunted according to hunting statistics (Environment and Food Agency).

 

Note that there are 2 sheets in the excel file.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

www.caff.is 

The data can be downloaded freely.

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i.e. Seabird Harvest in the Arctic.

"Source: Merkel, F. and Barry, T. (eds.) 2008. Seabird harvest in the Arctic.
CAFF International Secretariat, Circumpolar Seabird Group (CBird), CAFF Technical Report No. 16."

Seabird Harvest and Hunting regulations in Greenland 1993-2006.

Seabird Harvest and Hunting regulations Greenland 1993 2006

Sheet 1. Hunting regulations for birds in Greenland. Species not mentioned are protected all year. In addition, all hunting is forbidden in the National Park of East Greenland and in Melville Bay Nature Park in Northwest Greenland.
Sheet 2. Greenland seabird harvest statistics (Piniarneq) for the period 1993 – 2006 (The Greenland Hole Rule, Dept. of Hunting and Fisheries). Several species were not included in Piniarneq until 2002 (blank cells).

 

Note that there are 2 sheets in the excel file.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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i.e. Seabird Harvest in the Arctic.

"Source: Merkel, F. and Barry, T. (eds.) 2008. Seabird harvest in the Arctic.
CAFF International Secretariat, Circumpolar Seabird Group (CBird), CAFF Technical Report No. 16."

Estimated annual seabird and egg harvest in Alaska 1995-2001 & 2001-2005

Estimated annual seabird and egg harvest in Alaska 2001 2005

Estimated annual seabird and egg harvest in Alaska 1995-2001.

Estimated annual seabird and egg harvest in Alaska 2001-2005.

 

Note that there are 3 sheets in the excel file.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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The data can be downloaded freely.

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i.e. Seabird Harvest in the Arctic.

"Source: Merkel, F. and Barry, T. (eds.) 2008. Seabird harvest in the Arctic.
CAFF International Secretariat, Circumpolar Seabird Group (CBird), CAFF Technical Report No. 16."

List of seabirds, including loons and grebes, that are open for harvesting and egging in Alaska

Seabird Harvest in the arctic Alaska Table1 list of seabirds

List of seabirds, including loons and grebes, that are open for harvesting and egging in Alaska

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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i.e. Seabird Harvest in the Arctic.

Seabirds that can be hunted in the Faroes, hunting seasons, estimated numbers taken and total population size.

Seabirds that can be hunted in the Faroes hunting seasons estimated numbers taken and total population size

Seabirds that can be hunted in the Faroes, hunting seasons, estimated numbers taken and total population size.

 

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)

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i.e. Seabird Harvest in the Arctic.

"Source: Merkel, F. and Barry, T. (eds.) 2008. Seabird harvest in the Arctic.

CAFF International Secretariat, Circumpolar Seabird Group (CBird), CAFF Technical Report No. 16."

Ivory Gull population estimates and trends.

Ivory Gull population estimates and trends

Ivory Gull population estimates and trends

 

ZIP file includes 2 datasets:

1. Excel file

2. PDF file

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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International Ivory Gull Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (sept 2008)

The distribution of known breeding colonies of Ivory Gull Pagophila eburnean within the Arctic.

Ivory gull distribution

The distribution of known breeding colonies of Ivory Gull Pagophila eburnean within the Arctic.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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International Ivory Gull Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (sept 2008)

Decline of the thick billed murre population in central West Greenland

Murre Decline of the thick billed murre population in central West Greenland

Decline of the thick billed murre Uria lomvia population in central West Greenland

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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ARCTIC FLORA AND FAUNA: Status and Conservation. Documentation. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna Working Group (CAFF). (Source: Knud Falk and Kaj Kamp).

Areas of high population densities of different groups of marine vertebrates in the Beringia Region.

Areas of high population densities of different groups of marine vertebrates in Beringia Region

Areas of high population densities of different groups of marine vertebrates in the Beringia Region.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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ARCTIC FLORA AND FAUNA: Status and Conservation. Documentation. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna Working Group (CAFF) 1998. 


Data Source: IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group

Estimated population size and trends for eiders in the Arctic region.

Estimated population size and trends for eiders in the Arctic region

Estimated population size and trends for eiders in the Arctic region.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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ARCTIC FLORA AND FAUNA: Status and Conservation. Documentation. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna Working Group (CAFF).

(Sources: Asbirk et al. 1997, CAFF Circumpolar Seabird Working Group 1998, Durinck and Falk 1996, Goudie et al. 1994, Mosbech and Boertmann 1999, Pihl 1997, Solovieva 1997, Suydam et al. 2000, Wetlands International 1999.)

Breeding and wintering distribution of spectacled eider Somateria fischeri

Breeding and wintering distribution of spectacled eider Somateria fischeri

Breeding and wintering distribution of spectacled eider Somateria fischeri

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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ARCTIC FLORA AND FAUNA: Status and Conservation. Documentation. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna Working Group (CAFF). (Source: IUCN Polar Bear Specialist Group 1998).

Utilization of eiders by people.

Eider Utilization of eiders by people

Utilization of eiders by people.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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The data can be downloaded freely.
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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

Common eider distribution.

Eider Common Eider Distribution

Common eider distribution.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

King eider distribution.

Eider King Eider Distribution

King eider distribution.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

Spectacled eider distribution.

Eider Spectacled Eider Distribution

Spectacled eider distribution.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

Distribution of the eiders

Eider Distribution of the eiders

Distribution of the eiders.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

Long term population trends of eiders identified by their breeding locations.

Eider Long term population trends of eiders identified by their breeding locations

Long term population trends of eiders identified by their breeding locations.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

Management of eider populations

Eider Management of eider populations

Management of eider populations

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

Summary of eider objectives and action items.

Eider Summary of eider objectives and action items

Summary of eider objectives and action items.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

Summary of implementation guidelines.

Eider Summary of implementation guidelines

Summary of implementation guidelines.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

Steller's eider distribution.

Eider Stellers Eider Distribution

Steller's eider distribution.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

Surveys currently used to monitor eider populations.

Eider Surveys currently used to monitor eider populations

Surveys currently used to monitor eider populations.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
www.caff.is  
The data can be downloaded freely.
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Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan June 1997

The Circumpolar distribution of common and thick-billed murres.

Murres The Circumpolar distribution of common and thickbilled murres

The Circumpolar distribution of common and thick-billed murres.

 

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)
www.caff.is  
The data can be downloaded freely.
Users are requested to reference it source.

International Murre Conservation Strategy and Action Plan.

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